Overview of Canada
Canada, the largest country in North America, is made up of 10 provinces and 3 territories, and is located in the northern part of the continent. With Ottawa as its capital, Canada stands as the second-largest country globally in terms of land area. It’s also a top choice for those pursuing vocational and diploma courses.
Education System in Canada
Canada’s education system varies across provinces and territories, with schooling offered in both English and French, provided there is sufficient demand for the latter. Typically, high school education spans grades nine to twelve, except in Québec, where it concludes in grade eleven, followed by CEGEP, a program that prepares students for either university studies or technical fields.
After high school, students can choose to attend either vocational institutions or universities. At universities, students can earn a Bachelor’s degree, with opportunities to further their education with a Master’s or Doctorate. Vocational schools, on the other hand, offer certificates and diplomas designed to enhance skills in specific trades.
Top Study Destinations
For those interested in pursuing a full-time academic degree, universities such as McGill University, The University of British Columbia, University of Alberta, and Simon Fraser University are highly regarded. Most of Canada’s top colleges are located in cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal. The number of Canadian student visas issued to Indian students has seen a significant rise, from 3,152 in 2008 to over 12,000 in 2010.
Canada is often favored for vocational studies over traditional degree programs due to the greater employment opportunities they present. Additionally, with its low population density, Canada offers substantial opportunities for work, making it an attractive option for immigrants.
Postgraduate diplomas in fields like Business Management, Media, Engineering, Computer Science, and Hospitality are among the most popular courses pursued by international students in Canada.
Safety and Living Standards
Canada is recognized as one of the safest countries globally, boasting a high standard of living. It’s a free and open society where individuals are generally judged by their character and actions rather than their appearance or nationality.
Climate in Canada
Canada’s weather varies significantly depending on the region. Spanning from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, the country covers five time zones, leading to diverse climates.
Montreal: Winters in Montreal are cold and snowy, with temperatures ranging from -6°C to -15°C. The wind-chill can make the cold more intense, with snowfall typically beginning in November and lasting through March. Summers, however, are milder, with temperatures between 15°C and 25°C.
Toronto: Toronto experiences milder winters compared to other Canadian cities, though it’s still cold and snowy. Winter temperatures range from -10°C to 12°C, while summer temperatures are similar to Montreal, ranging from 15°C to 25°C.
Vancouver: Vancouver’s climate is wet but mild throughout the year. Summers are comfortably warm, averaging around 22°C. Winters are rainy, with temperatures between 3°C and 7°C, and snow is a rare occurrence.
Cultural Etiquette and Lifestyle Tips
Canadians are known for their open-mindedness and pride in their multicultural society. To make a good impression, consider the following tips:
Language Challenges
Adapting to daily life in Canada, where English and sometimes French are the primary languages, can be challenging at first. Some common language hurdles include:
Class Participation
Active participation is essential in Canadian classrooms. You may be expected to engage in discussions, group work, or other activities. Involvement outside the classroom is equally important, providing you with opportunities to practice your English in various settings.
Making Friends
Building friendships is crucial during your first year in Canada. Don’t be shy—most people are in the same boat. Politeness is key; saying “please” and “thank you” can go a long way in forming positive relationships.
Indian Community in Canada
A significant number of Indians reside in Canada’s larger urban centers like Toronto and Vancouver, which house over 70% of the Indian population. Smaller but growing communities can also be found in cities like Calgary, Edmonton, and Montreal. In Vancouver, a place called Little India exists, and in Toronto, there’s a section of Gerrard Street known for its Indian community. In Vancouver, many Indians live in the suburb of Surrey or nearby Abbotsford.
Accommodation
When choosing where to live during your studies, you’ll first need to decide whether you prefer university-managed accommodation or renting from a private landlord. University accommodation often provides the option of catered or self-catered living. Catered housing includes meals, offering the convenience of having your food prepared for you and more predictable meal costs.
If you have a preference in mind, your university’s accommodation office is the best place to start. They can inform you about the available housing options. If you’re considering renting privately or if your university doesn’t have space in its residential facilities, the accommodation office can usually provide a list of recommended private landlords and properties in the area.
Regardless of where you choose to live, it’s important to understand your rights and responsibilities as a tenant. You’ll likely be required to sign a tenancy agreement, which should be read carefully to ensure you fully understand the terms before committing.
Orientation
Orientation week is an essential part of the university experience for international students, so it’s crucial to arrive before it begins. During this week, you’ll be introduced to the university, its services, and you’ll enroll in your classes. Make sure to thoroughly read your guidebook, provided by the college, as it outlines each step of the admission process.
Activities
Colleges offer a variety of extracurricular activities beyond academics, enriching your student life with diverse experiences. In addition to sports, you can join clubs related to music, drama, science, and literature. These societies often organize outdoor activities, and you’ll have opportunities to visit theatres, concerts, art galleries, museums, religious centers, historical sites, and even scientific companies and projects related to your course of study.
Admission Requirements
The requirements for admission can vary depending on the study program and academic level. For Indian students, meeting a minimum English language proficiency is essential. Additionally, a minimum academic record is typically required: at least 65% for humanities in Class XII, and 70-80% or higher for Science and Commerce streams. For students who score below 60%, there are Foundation and Diploma programs available. To join a degree program, students must be at least 18 years old.
It’s important to remember that these figures are general guidelines and can vary between universities.
Required Documents
When applying, you’ll need to submit the following documents:
Make sure to check the specific document requirements for Diploma Courses in Canada, as they may differ.
Application Timeline
Most Canadian colleges offer online application processes. You’ll need to visit the college’s website to apply, create an account, provide your basic information, upload scanned copies of your documents, and pay the application fee. The college will communicate the stages of your application process through this account.
Since application processes may vary by institution, it’s essential to refer to each college’s website for detailed instructions.
Application Fee
When applying, you’ll need to pay an application fee. The amount can vary depending on the college and course, so it’s best to check with each college for specific details.
Steps for Applying
Here are the general steps to follow when applying for admission:
Statement of Purpose (SOP)
The SOP is your personal introduction to the college admissions team. Written in the first person, it explains why you are applying to a particular institution, why you’re a great fit, and why the college should accept you. The tone can be formal or slightly casual but must always reflect your personality.
Essays
Many universities require applicants to submit essays as part of the admissions process. These essays are crucial for showcasing your strengths, career goals, skills, experiences, and reasons for choosing a particular school. Students may be asked to write one or two required essays, along with additional optional essays.
Letters of Recommendation (LORs)
A LOR is a reference letter written by someone familiar with your abilities, such as a professor or direct manager. It highlights your qualities, characteristics, and capabilities, recommending you to the college based on your potential to succeed in a specific role or academic program.
Intake Seasons
In Canada, the academic year typically begins in September (the main intake season), with a secondary intake in January. Some institutions also offer intakes in May, July, and October. The September intake is the most popular for top courses, while the January intake is for a smaller selection of programs.
It’s advisable to begin the admission process about six months before the application deadline. Most universities have multiple deadlines, usually between October and January, giving you some flexibility. It’s recommended to complete your language and aptitude tests three months before the deadline, with the final three months dedicated to completing your application.
For the September intake, ensure that your entire application process, including interviews and visa applications, is completed by June or July.
While September is the main intake season for most top programs, vocational courses may have additional intakes in January, May, or July, depending on the program.
English Language Proficiency Tests
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS), Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), and Pearson Test of English (PTE) are standardized language assessments commonly required for admission to colleges and universities. Each of these exams has a distinct format, structure, and scoring system. While they differ in various aspects, many institutions accept any of the test results, allowing students to choose which exam they feel most comfortable taking.
Retaking Exams
IELTS can be retaken an unlimited number of times. Similarly, TOEFL can also be retaken as often as desired, with the stipulation that there must be at least a 12-day gap between attempts. The same rule applies to the PTE; you can retake it as many times as you wish, but only after receiving your previous scores.
Best Time to Take the Tests
If you are planning for a September intake, it’s advisable to complete your English proficiency test by November. This ensures that you can submit your application before the first deadline. The universities you apply to will specify which exam results they accept. If they offer a choice between tests, you can select the one that best suits your strengths. The preparation time for IELTS, TOEFL, or PTE will vary depending on your current level of English proficiency, but generally, 2 to 4 months of preparation is recommended.
General Admission Tests
GMAT (Graduate Management Aptitude Test): This test assesses the skills of potential MBA candidates, focusing on mathematical, English, and reasoning abilities.
GRE (Graduate Record Examination): Primarily taken by students applying for graduate programs (MA or MS), the GRE is increasingly being accepted by business schools for MBA admissions. It evaluates verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing.
LSAT (Law School Admission Test): A critical component of law school admissions, the LSAT measures reading comprehension and verbal reasoning skills.
SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test): Taken by high school students aiming for undergraduate programs, the SAT evaluates literacy, writing, and problem-solving skills necessary for academic success in college.
Your chosen university will inform you which test scores are required for your desired course. If there is a choice, it’s up to you to decide which exam to take based on your strengths and preferences.
Retaking General Admission Tests
Preparation Timeline
If you’re targeting the September intake, it’s ideal to complete these exams by November to ensure timely application submissions. Typically, 4 to 6 months of preparation is recommended.
Average Accepted Scores
Please note that these scores are averages and may vary depending on the university.
Cost of Living in Canada
The cost of living in Canada varies significantly based on the city you choose to live in and your lifestyle. Key expenses for international students include:
Additional expenses that may vary based on personal preferences include:
Tuition Fees
Tuition costs in Canada differ based on the university, course, and city. For undergraduate programs, annual tuition fees can range from CDN $10,000 to $30,000. For postgraduate programs, the costs are generally higher, ranging from approximately CDN $15,000 to $55,000 per year.
Living Expenses
On average, a student spends around CDN $10,000–$12,000 annually on living expenses. However, these costs can vary significantly depending on the location. For example, living in a metropolitan area like Toronto or Vancouver might increase your annual expenses to around CDN $15,000, whereas living in a suburban area might reduce costs to around CDN $8,000-$10,000 per year.
Health Insurance
Health insurance is mandatory for international students, as it covers essential medical services during your stay abroad. Ensure that your insurance policy covers medical expenses, personal accidents, dental treatment, interruptions in your studies, loss of your passport, and other critical issues. Most insurance plans offer cashless options, so you won’t need to pay upfront during hospitalization.
Scholarships
Scholarships are available for international students based on merit and financial need. Strong academic performance, high scores on standardized tests, and achievements in extracurricular activities can increase your chances of receiving financial aid. To maximize these opportunities, submit all required documents by the deadlines, and ensure that your application is presented professionally, as it reflects your overall image.
Required Documents for Scholarships
While specific requirements may vary, the following documents are typically needed for scholarship applications:
Student Loans
Eligibility Criteria
Before applying for a student loan, ensure you meet the following general criteria:
Eligible Courses
Not all courses are eligible for student loans. Typically, loans are available for:
These programs can be from foreign institutions recognized by the state or central government.
Loan Amount
Banks typically cover up to 80% of the total fees, leaving you responsible for the remaining 20%, known as the margin amount. The maximum loan amount for studying abroad is generally around Rs 20 lakh. If your tuition costs exceed this amount, you’ll need to cover the difference. Some banks charge a processing fee, which could be a fixed amount or a percentage of the total loan. For example, if the processing fee is 1% of the loan amount, you’ll need to budget for this additional expense.
Required Documentation
To apply for a loan, you’ll need to provide:
Each bank may have different documentation requirements, so it’s essential to confirm with your bank.
Loan Repayment
Repayment of the loan typically begins after the course is completed. If you secure a job within a year of finishing your studies, repayment starts one month after employment begins. If you do not find employment within a year, repayment will commence regardless of your job status. The loan repayment period usually spans 5-7 years, with the possibility of extending the course duration by up to two years if necessary. Generally, you have up to 10 years to repay the loan in full.
Visa Application Process for Studying in Canada
Conditions
Once you receive your college acceptance letter, you should promptly begin the student visa application process. If you are targeting the September intake, it’s advisable to start your visa application around June. Below are the key documents you will need for the application:
Proof of Acceptance: To study in Canada, you need a letter of acceptance from a recognized school, college, university, or educational institution. This original letter must be included with your study permit application.
Proof of Financial Support: You must demonstrate that you have sufficient financial resources to support yourself and any accompanying family members during your stay in Canada.
Note: Additional documentation may be requested.
During the personal interview, the visa officer might ask for further documentation to verify your academic background or financial standing. These documents could include:
Steps to Apply for a Visa
Check Processing Times: The visa application process can take between 3 to 4 weeks. It’s recommended to check the Canadian consulate’s website for estimated processing times, although these are not guaranteed.
Decide How to Apply: You have two options for applying for a student visa:
Online Application: If you apply online, you’ll need access to a scanner or camera to create digital copies of your documents for upload, and a valid credit card for payment. You will still need to visit a regional Visa Application Centre (VAC) to provide your biometric information (fingerprints and photograph).
In-Person Application: Download the application kit from the official website and carefully read the instruction guide. The guide provides essential details about study permits and instructions to help you complete your application. Follow the document checklist provided in the guide.
Pay the Processing Fee: Refer to the fee schedule to determine the cost of applying for a study permit and how to make the payment. The processing fee is non-refundable. For biometric data collection, over 130 VACs in more than 90 countries are equipped to gather this information. Indian students must contact their local VFS office to apply for the visa.
Submit Your Application and Documents: Since biometric data is required, you cannot mail your application. You must either apply online or submit your application in person at a VFS office. In either case, you will need to visit a VAC to provide your biometric information.
Medical Examination
As part of the Canadian visa application process, Indian applicants must undergo a mandatory medical examination. This exam cannot be performed by your personal doctor; instead, you must consult a physician listed on the panel of approved doctors provided on the official Canadian immigration website. After completing the exam, the physician will send the results directly to Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC). You can choose to undergo the medical examination either before or after submitting your visa application.
Post-Study Work Permit
To be eligible for a Post-Study Work Permit, you must meet the following criteria:
The duration of the work permit cannot exceed the length of your study program. For instance, if your course lasted 8 months, your work permit will be valid for 8 months. If your course duration was more than two years, you may receive a work permit valid for up to three years.
Visa for Spouse
If you are a full-time student, your spouse can accompany you to Canada on a Dependent Visa. You will need to show that you have sufficient funds to support your spouse during their stay. If the spouse’s stay is for a year or more, they are also eligible to work full-time in Canada.
Pre-Departure Checklist for Studying in Canada
Book Your Flight: Secure your airline tickets well in advance to ensure you get the best rates and a convenient travel schedule.
Purchase Travel and Health Insurance: Protect yourself with comprehensive travel and health insurance that covers potential medical expenses and emergencies during your stay in Canada.
Arrange Accommodation: Confirm your housing arrangements in Canada, whether it’s on-campus housing or an off-campus apartment.
Organize Transportation: Plan how you will travel from the airport to your new home in Canada. Consider options like taxis, ride-shares, or public transportation.
Set Up Banking: Consider opening a Canadian bank account before your departure or bring traveller’s cheques for initial expenses. Make sure you have a plan for managing your finances.
Review Baggage and Customs Regulations: Familiarize yourself with airline baggage policies and Canadian customs regulations to avoid any issues during your journey.
Complete Paperwork with Your Home Institution: Ensure all necessary documentation and clearances are finalized with your educational institution before you leave.
Prepare Important Documents: Organize and make photocopies of all essential documents. Keep one set of copies in your luggage and another at home. These documents include:
Post-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP)
The Post-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP) provides an opportunity for students who have graduated from a participating Canadian university or college to gain valuable work experience in Canada. This work experience can be a significant stepping stone towards qualifying for permanent residency through the Canadian Experience Class (CEC).
Duration of the Permit
The duration of your post-graduation work permit is directly tied to the length of your study program. For instance, if you completed a two-year program, you would typically receive a two-year work permit. The study program you completed must have been at least eight months in duration.
How to Apply for a Post-Graduation Work Permit
You need to apply for the work permit within 90 days of receiving written confirmation from your educational institution that you have successfully completed your program. The application process involves the following steps:
Job Placements in Canada
Unlike India, where campus placements are common, Canadian universities do not follow the same model. In Canada, most universities have a Career Services Centre that assists students in finding jobs and preparing for interviews. However, companies that engage with universities typically offer internships or co-op positions rather than direct job offers. These companies prefer to observe a student’s work over several months before making a full-time employment decision.
Co-Op Education Program
The Cooperative Education Program, or Co-op program, allows students to alternate between periods of study and work. This structured program is designed to recruit students for permanent positions after graduation. Co-op programs are available at many colleges and universities across Canada. Indian students interested in participating in a co-op or internship must apply for both a work permit and a study permit.
Eligibility Criteria for a Work Permit
To qualify for a work permit under the Co-op program, you must meet the following requirements:
