Education System in the United States
The United States does not have a national education system. Instead, education is managed at the state and local levels, with federal influence primarily through funding rather than direct oversight. Unlike India’s CBSE board examinations, there is no single national high school graduation exam. Instead, students must pass state-specific graduation exams.
Choosing the Right College
When selecting a college or university in the U.S., students have numerous options and factors to consider. While GPA (Grade Point Average) is a critical metric for admissions, other factors such as academic programs, campus culture, location, and student population also play significant roles. Some institutions are publicly funded, while others are privately supported.
Top U.S. Destinations for Students
Leading U.S. universities include Princeton, Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Stanford. The New England region, including cities like Boston and New Haven, is particularly renowned for its academic institutions. In the 2012-13 academic year, around 96,750 Indian students were enrolled in U.S. colleges, with popular fields of study including Business Management, Computer Science, Finance, Accounting, Economics, and Communications/Media.
Safety
The United States is considered safe for international students, including those from India. The diverse nature of the country contributes to a generally welcoming environment.
Weather by Region
Lifestyle Tips
Life in the U.S. can be quite different from what many international students might be used to. To better integrate and connect with locals:
Indian Community in the U.S.
As of 2011, there were approximately 1.9 million Indian immigrants in the U.S., making them the third-largest immigrant group by country of origin. Indian immigrants tend to be well-educated, proficient in English, and often arrive on employment-based visas. Many Indian immigrants live in California and New Jersey, with major populations in metropolitan areas like New York, Chicago, and San Jose.
Requirements
The requirements for admission to study programs in the US can vary widely depending on the course and level of study. For Indian students, the general requirements are as follows:
English Language Proficiency: All students must meet a minimum English language requirement, which is often demonstrated through tests such as IELTS or TOEFL.
Academic Records: Typically, a minimum academic record of 65% and above in Class XII is required for humanities streams, and 70% to 80% for Science or Commerce streams. For students with lower percentages, foundation and diploma programs are available. Students must also be at least 18 years old to enroll in a degree program.
Documentation
Applicants will need to submit the following documents:
Application Process
Most US colleges accept online applications. Here’s a general guide to the application process:
Application Fee
An application fee is required by all colleges, and the amount varies. Check with each college for specific details regarding their fee structure.
Essays
Essays are an integral part of the application process. You may be asked to write one or two essays on topics such as career goals, personal strengths and weaknesses, skills, experiences, and reasons for choosing a particular college.
Statement of Purpose (SOP)
The SOP is a personal essay where you describe why you are applying to a particular college, highlighting your qualifications and fit for the program. It should reflect your personality and motivations.
Letter of Recommendation (LOR)
An LOR is a reference letter from a professor or manager who can attest to your abilities and potential. It supports your application by providing insights into your qualifications and character.
Intake Seasons
US universities generally have two main intake seasons:
Some institutions also offer intakes in May, July, and October. Start your admission process approximately six months before the application deadline. Most universities have deadlines from October to January, so aim to complete your language and aptitude tests three months before the deadline. The final three months should be dedicated to completing and submitting your application.
For the September intake, ensure that your entire application process, including interviews and visa applications, is completed by June or July. For vocational courses, January and other intakes might be available, so check the specific requirements for your chosen program.
Language Exams
To gain admission to colleges, international students typically need to demonstrate their English proficiency through standardized language tests. The most common tests include:
IELTS (International English Language Testing System): This test evaluates English proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. It has a broad format and is accepted by many colleges.
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language): TOEFL assesses English proficiency through reading, listening, speaking, and writing sections. It is also widely accepted by colleges.
PTE (Pearson Test of English): The PTE evaluates English language skills in an integrated format covering speaking, writing, reading, and listening.
Each test has its own format and scoring system, but many colleges accept any one of these test results. It is up to the student to choose which exam to take based on their preferences and the requirements of their chosen colleges.
Repetition of Exams
Timing for Application
For a September intake, it’s advisable to complete your language exams by November of the previous year to ensure you meet the application deadlines. Universities will specify which test scores they accept, and if they offer a choice, it’s up to you to select the exam that suits you best. Preparation time for these exams typically ranges from 2 to 4 months, depending on your current proficiency level.
General Exams
GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test): This test measures skills in math, English, and reasoning. It is primarily used for MBA program admissions.
GRE (Graduate Record Examination): The GRE is used for admissions to graduate programs, including MA and MS. Many business schools now accept GRE scores for MBA admissions as well.
LSAT (Law School Admission Test): This test evaluates reading and verbal reasoning skills and is essential for law school admissions.
SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test): The SAT assesses literacy, writing skills, and problem-solving abilities and is usually taken by high school students seeking undergraduate admission.
Universities will specify which test scores they require for different programs. If given a choice, select the test that aligns best with your strengths and the requirements of your desired program.
Repetition of General Exams
Preparation Time
For a September intake, aim to complete your general exams by November, allowing you ample time for application before the first deadline. Preparation typically takes 4 to 6 months.
Average Scores
Note that these averages are general references, and actual required scores may vary by university
Cost of Living for International Students in the US
The cost of living in the US can vary greatly depending on your location and lifestyle. Here are some key elements to consider:
Accommodation Rent: Whether you choose university-managed housing or rent from a private landlord, this will be a significant part of your budget. On-campus accommodation may offer catered or self-catered options, with catered housing including meal plans.
Groceries and Food: Your monthly grocery and dining expenses will depend on your eating habits and where you live.
Utilities: These include electricity, water, gas, and internet. These costs can vary based on your usage and accommodation type.
Phone Bills: The cost of your mobile phone plan.
Textbooks and Supplies: Academic books and materials needed for your courses.
Airfare: If you plan to travel back to India, budget for periodic flights.
Additional Expenses:
Dining Out: Eating out at restaurants or cafes.
Travel and Vacation: Costs related to leisure travel or vacations.
Car Rental and Insurance: If you plan to rent a car or need car insurance.
Cable TV: If you choose to have a cable TV connection.
Cost of Living Estimates
Tuition Fees: For undergraduate programs, tuition fees typically range from $10,000 to $30,000 per year. For postgraduate programs, fees can range from $15,000 to $55,000 annually. Costs vary widely between public and private universities, with state universities generally being less expensive than private institutions.
Living Expenses: On average, living costs for students range from $10,000 to $12,000 per year. In major metropolitan areas like New York or San Francisco, costs can be as high as $15,000, while suburban areas may be more affordable, with costs around $8,000 to $10,000 annually.
Health Insurance: Health insurance is mandatory for international students. Typically, insurance costs range from $500 to $1,000 per year and should cover medical expenses, personal accidents, dental treatment, study interruptions, and passport loss. Most health insurance plans operate on a cashless basis, so you won’t need to pay upfront for medical services.
Scholarships
Required Documents for Scholarships:
Education Loans
Eligibility Criteria: To apply for an education loan, you must be an Indian national with a strong academic record. You should be enrolling in a job-oriented professional or technical course at a foreign university. You must also be 18 years or older, or have a parent apply on your behalf.
Eligible Courses: Loans are available for job-oriented professional or technical courses for undergraduate and postgraduate programs, including MCA, MBA, MS, and diplomas from recognized institutions.
Loan Amount: Banks typically cover up to 80% of the total fee, with the remaining 20% being your responsibility (known as the margin amount). Maximum loan amounts generally reach up to Rs 20 lakh. For tuition fees exceeding this amount, you will need to cover the difference.
Processing Fee: Some banks charge a processing fee, either as a fixed amount or a percentage of the loan. For instance, a 1% processing fee would be an additional cost.
Required Documentation for Loans:
Different banks have varied documentation requirements, so check with your bank for specifics.
Repayment Terms
Repayment generally begins after the course ends. If you secure employment within one year of completing your course, repayment starts one month after employment begins. If employment is not obtained within a year, repayment starts regardless of employment status. Typically, the loan must be repaid within 5-7 years of starting repayment, with a maximum extension of up to 10 years if needed.
By planning carefully and understanding these costs and requirements, you can better manage your finances while studying in the US.
Visa and Immigration Requirements for Studying in the US
To study in the US, you will need to obtain an F-1 student visa. Here’s a detailed guide on the requirements and process:
Visa Requirements
Valid Passport: Your passport should be valid for at least six months beyond your planned stay in the US.
Form DS-160: Complete the Non-immigrant Visa Application, Form DS-160, and keep the confirmation page.
Application Fee Receipt: Pay the non-refundable visa application fee before your interview. The receipt of this payment is required for your visa application.
Photograph: A digital photograph will be taken at the consulate during your appointment. You must visit the consulate center for this. After your photo and fingerprint scan, you’ll receive an approval receipt.
Form I-20: Your school will provide you with a SEVIS-generated Form I-20 after entering your information into the SEVIS database. Both you and a school official must sign this form. All students, along with their spouse and minor children (if applicable), must be registered with the Student and Exchange Visitor System (SEVIS).
Additional Documentation
During your visa interview, you may need to provide additional documents to prove your academic and financial status. These may include:
Application Process
Complete Form DS-160: Fill out the online visa application form DS-160. After completing it, pay the non-refundable visa application fee. Payment can be made online or through a bank.
Print Confirmation Page: Print the confirmation page of the DS-160 form to bring to your interview.
Schedule Appointments: Schedule your biometric and visa interview appointments.
Biometric Appointment: Attend this appointment in person to have your photograph and fingerprints taken.
Visa Interview: During your interview, you will be asked about your course, college, finances, and plans for returning home. If approved, your passport will be kept by the consulate for visa stamping.
Visa Issuance and Entry
Work Regulations
On-Campus Employment: During your first year of study, you may work on campus without USCIS authorization. You are limited to 20 hours of work per week during the school term and can work up to 40 hours per week during holidays, breaks, and summer sessions.
Off-Campus Employment: Off-campus work is not allowed during the first year. After one year, USCIS may grant permission for off-campus employment under specific circumstances, but this is rare. Working off-campus without authorization can lead to deportation or future immigration issues.
Visa for Dependents
F-2 Visa: The spouse and children of F-1 students can apply for an F-2 dependent visa.
Restrictions for F-2 Dependents:
Employment: F-2 visa holders (spouses and children) are not permitted to work.
Ensure you follow these guidelines to smoothly navigate the US visa application process and comply with all regulations.
Pre-Departure Checklist for Studying in the US
Before you leave for your studies in the US, make sure to complete these important tasks:
Book Airline Tickets: Secure your flight tickets well in advance to get the best rates and ensure availability.
Buy Travel and Health Insurance: Purchase travel and health insurance to cover medical emergencies and other unforeseen issues during your stay.
Arrange Accommodation: Confirm your housing arrangements, whether on-campus or off-campus, to ensure you have a place to stay upon arrival.
Plan Transportation: Arrange for transportation to and from the airport in the US, and consider how you will get to your accommodation from the airport.
Organize Banking: Consider purchasing traveler’s cheques for safer transactions and managing your finances abroad.
Check Baggage and Customs Limits: Familiarize yourself with baggage restrictions and customs regulations to avoid any issues at the airport.
Complete Paperwork: Ensure all paperwork with your home educational institution is finalized and up-to-date.
Prepare Important Documents: Gather and photocopy essential documents. Keep copies both in your baggage and at home, including:
Having these preparations in place will help ensure a smooth transition to your studies in the US.
OPT (Optional Practical Training)
For students wishing to extend their stay in the US to gain practical experience in their field of study, Optional Practical Training (OPT) provides a temporary employment opportunity. This program allows students to work in a job related to their major for up to 12 months.
Types of OPT
Pre-Completion OPT: This allows students to work part-time while classes are in session and full-time during academic breaks. It is designed for students who wish to gain practical experience while still pursuing their degree.
Post-Completion OPT: This is available to students who have completed their degree and wish to work full-time. This OPT is intended for graduates looking to gain additional work experience in their field of study.
Duration
Applying for OPT
To apply for OPT, students need to:
Consult with the Designated School Official (DSO): The DSO will endorse Form I-20 and update the SEVIS database to recommend OPT.
Submit Form I-765: This form is for applying for the Employment Authorization Document (EAD). Once approved, the student will receive the EAD, which permits them to start working.
Co-Op Education Program
In a Cooperative (Co-Op) Education Program, students alternate between studying and working. Co-op programs are structured to provide real-world experience while still enrolled in school. These programs often lead to permanent positions upon graduation. Salaries for co-op positions are typically paid hourly and can range from $10 to $16 per hour, depending on the field and the student’s major.
Placements
Unlike in India, where campus placements are common, US universities typically do not offer a formal placement system. Instead, they have a Career Services Center that assists students with job search strategies, resume preparation, and interview skills. On-campus recruitment is generally initiated by students. Companies often offer internships or co-op positions rather than direct employment, allowing them to evaluate candidates before extending full-time job offers.
